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AI-Driven Consumer Harm
Chahak Jain, BA LLB (Hons.), Manipal University Jaipur ABSTRACT The framework for consumer protection in India is fundamentally unfit to deal with the problems presented by artificial intelligence technology. There is a lack of transparency about algorithms, which gives rise to a major problem of accountability. Consumers have no awareness about how certain decisions, such as price setting, among others, were made by AI. Not only does the absence of knowledge of the decision-
IJLLR Journal
May 171 min read
Artificial Intelligence, Public Policy, And Fraud: Rethinking Enforcement Under The New York Convention
Shahida Parween, Law College Dehradun Mr. Vatsal Chaudhary, Assistant Professor, Law College Dehradun ABSTRACT As it guarantees the acceptance and enforcement of foreign arbitral rulings, the New York Convention, 1958 continues to be the cornerstone of international commercial arbitration. But the public policy exception under Article V(2)(b) has consistently led to doctrinal ambiguity, especially when combined with fraud accusations. Differentiating between strategic, merit-
IJLLR Journal
May 171 min read
Examining Sexual Assault Laws Through A Gender-Neutral Perspective
Harprab Singh Johar, Amity University, Noida ABSTRACT Sexual assault laws have traditionally been framed through a gendered lens, positioning women as victims and men as perpetrators. Although this approach addressed systemic oppression against women, evolving social realities now challenge its adequacy in offering comprehensive legal protection. This paper critically examines the concept of gender neutrality in sexual offence legislation by analyzing constitutional principle
IJLLR Journal
May 171 min read
Constitutional Governance And Federal Challenges During The N-Cov-19 Pandemic: A Critical Study Of India
Mr. Satyajit Pattanaik, B.Sc. LL.B. (H) (KIIT), LL.M (NLUO), PGDM (NALSAR), UGC- NET, Lecturer in Law (SSB), Gop College, Gop, Puri, and Ph.D. Research Scholar, P.G. Department of Law, Sambalpur University. Dr. Diptirekha Mohapatra, M.A., LL.M., MBA, NET, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Law, P.G Department of Law, Sambalpur University. ABSTRACT The unprecedented public health emergency precipitated by the outbreak of Novel Corona Virus (N-CoV-19) inflicted a devastating catastr
IJLLR Journal
May 172 min read
Intra-Group Services In Transfer Pricing: Persistent Controversies And The Policy Imperatives For India
Divya Bharathi M, Research Scholar, School of Law, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai. Dr. Karthikeyan, School of Law, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai ABSTRACT Due to growing multinational enterprise (MNE) operations, intricate centralised business structures, and changing international tax regulations, intra-group services (IGS) are a recurring topic of transfer-pricing (TP) issues in India. Even though the
IJLLR Journal
May 171 min read
Redefining The Complexities Between Copyright And Competition Law - A Socio-Legal Analysis In The Age Of Digital Markets
Ms. Priyanka Gehlot, Assistant Professor, Jagannath University, Jaipur Meenal Goyal, LL.M., Jagannath University, Jaipur ABSTRACT This paper explores the evolving intersection of Copyright Law and Competition (Antitrust) Law, tracing their transition from a mid-20th- century Theory of Conflict to a modern Theory of Convergence. Historically viewed as antagonistic, these legal regimes were once defined by a zero-sum struggle between the individual creator’s legal monopoly and
IJLLR Journal
May 172 min read
Tourism And Ecology: Rethinking Sustainability And Law In The Himalayan Region
Aishwarya Singh, Ph.D. Research Scholar, Himachal Pradesh National Law University, Shimla ABSTRACT The article thoroughly explains the concept of tourism in the Himalayas and the benefits associated with it. It also elaborates on the positive and negative environmental impacts of tourism activities. The study examines legislative frameworks intended to encourage sustainable practices in the tourist industry to address rising concerns about the industry's environmental impact.
IJLLR Journal
May 171 min read
Behind Bars, Beyond Justice Examining Custodial Deaths And Legal Safeguards In India
N.K Thridev Prince B.Com. LL.B., St. Joseph’s College of Law INTRODUCTION The sanctity of individual liberty and the right to life are the cornerstones of any democratic legal system. In the Indian context, Article 21 of the Constitution mandates that "no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law." However, the phenomenon of custodial death, represents one of the most severe breaches of this fundamental right. It
IJLLR Journal
May 172 min read
Evidentiary Standards In The Era Of AI: Is The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam Equipped Enough?
Aditi Shelke, University of Mumbai Law Academy Chaitanya Adepu, Adv. Balasaheb Apte College of Law ABSTRACT This article explores how deepfakes create a huge issue for proving evidence in Indian courts under the new Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. It further proves that BSA’s rules for checking electronic evidence like making sure devices worked right, tracking who controlled them, matching original data and using hash codes to prove nothing changed are not strong enough n
IJLLR Journal
May 172 min read
Environmental Federalism In India: Tensions Between Central And State Autonomy
Pankhuri Mishra, LL.M. (Environment and Natural Resources Law), TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi ABSTRACT: At the time of making of the Indian Constitution, one of the primary debates that came up before the Constituent Assembly was the distribution of powers between the centre and the states. While defining ‘federalism’ in context of India, one can easily ascertain that it has not been strictly adopted in our constitution. In fact, India follows ‘quasi federalism’
IJLLR Journal
May 172 min read
Standard Form Contracts And Unequal Bargaining Power: Rethinking Freedom Of Contract Under Indian Jurisprudence
Garvit Arora, Amity University Noida ABSTRACT Contractual freedom has long been treated as a foundational premise of private law because it enables individuals and commercial entities to organise their legal relationships according to voluntarily accepted obligations. Traditional contract theory assumed that agreements emerged from meaningful bargaining between parties possessing relatively comparable negotiating strength. Contemporary commercial realities, however, reveal a
IJLLR Journal
May 172 min read
Beyond The Binary: The Psycho-Legal Paradox Of Codifying Consent
Shivesh Mishra, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Mahindra University, Hyderabad (School of Law) ABSTRACT The legal system, in its demand for adjudicative certainty, has reduced consent to a binary proposition: it either exists, or it does not. The transition from the Indian Penal Code (IPC) to the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) marks a shift in Indian criminal jurisprudence, yet the fundamental legal understanding of sexual consent remains deeply entrenched in a traditional and binary fram
IJLLR Journal
May 171 min read
Environmental Justice In India Through The Lens Of The Constitution
Taanvia Jahan, Amity Law School Noida, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Dr. Bhavna Batra, Amity Law School Noida, Amity University Uttar Pradesh ABSTRACT In India, environmental justice is the meeting point of social justice and ecological sustainability. In order to ensure that no group especially the marginalized is disproportionately impacted by environmental harm, it refers to the equitable distribution of environmental benefits and burdens among all communities. Despite no
IJLLR Journal
May 172 min read
Ad-Hoc Arbitration In International Commercial Transactions: An Analysis Of Legal Principles, Execution Issues, And Emerging Reforms In The Asia-Pacific Region
Pallavi Raj, Amity University Noida 1. Introduction “Arbitration is the means by which business men settle disputes among themselves.” - Lord Mustill International commercial transactions have expanded rapidly in the contemporary global economy, resulting in a corresponding increase in cross-border commercial disputes involving multinational corporations, foreign investors, state entities, and private commercial enterprises. In such circumstances, traditional litigation befor
IJLLR Journal
May 171 min read
Employer Flexibility Versus Worker Protection: A Critical Analysis Of The Industrial Relations Code, 2020
Atul Kumar Kharwar, Research Scholar, Department of Law, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab Dr. Ravinder Kaur, Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab ABSTRACT In India, the labour reform has been done by consolidating 29 laws into four new labour Codes. The purpose of these reforms is to simplify regulations, promote businesses, and create more jobs and also to provide protection of employment to workers. However, a
IJLLR Journal
May 171 min read
Constitutional Silence And The Nomadic Question: A Critical Inquiry Into The Human Rights Of Nomadic And Denotified Communities In India
Tamizhkavi. B.V., LL.M, Ph.D., Research Scholar, The Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University, Chennai Madhumitha. E, B.A, LL.B., Erode College of Law INTRODUCTION: Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes (DNT/NT/SNTs) are among the most marginalised communities in India. The Renke Commission estimated that these communities constitute nearly 10% of India’s population, comprising around 10–12 crore people, with more than 1,200 DNT/NT/SNT groups officially identified. Histori
IJLLR Journal
May 172 min read
Under Trial Prisoners And The Criminal Justice System
Gurneet Kaur, Research Scholar, University School of Law, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib. Dr. Supinder Kaur, Assistant Professor, University School of Law, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib. INTRODUCTION Under-trial prisoners constitute a significant majority of the prison population (75.8%). All the 4,34,302 out of 5,73,220 persons who are within prisons as under-trials are deemed to be innocent in the eyes of the law. How can a
IJLLR Journal
May 172 min read
Justice In Headlines: The Dark Side Of Media Trials
Tamizhkavi. B.V, LL.M, Ph.D., Research Scholar, The Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University, Chennai Madhumitha. E, B.A, LL.B., Erode College of Law INTRODUCTION: In a democratic society, the media plays a crucial role as the “fourth pillar” by informing the public, creating awareness, and acting as a watchdog over the functioning of the State. However, in recent times, the role of the media has expanded beyond reporting facts to influencing public perception of ongoing crimina
IJLLR Journal
May 172 min read
Sociological Jurisprudence In India Through The Lens Of Roscoe Pound: The Olga Tellis Case And Beyond
Ananya Das, National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam ABSTRACT This paper critically examines the use of sociological jurisprudence within Indian constitutional adjudication, with particular focus on Roscoe Pound’s theory of Social Engineering as its central theoretical framework. Sociological jurisprudence, which advocates that law must respond to the social, economic, and political conditions of the time, has significantly influenced the Indian judiciary’s interpr
IJLLR Journal
May 171 min read
The Illusion Of Stakeholder Protection Under S. 166 Of The Companies Act, 2013: A Critical Analysis
Zzhara Batra, O.P Jindal Global University ABSTRACT This paper critically examines Section 166(2) of the Companies Act, 2013 arguing that while prima-facie, the section seems to adopt a stakeholder- inclusive framework, it ultimately perpetuates shareholder primacy. By analyzing legislative history, comparative law and literature, this paper demonstrably showcases how section 166(2)’s pluralist language is weakened by its four structural failures: the absence of hierarchy of
IJLLR Journal
May 171 min read
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