Adv. Ishaan D. Joshi, Forensic and Criminal Intelligence Expert Founder and Director, Centre for Crime Sciences and Forensic Intelligence ABSTRACT India has rapidly constructed a multi-institutional response to cyber-enabled financial fraud through the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C), the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal, the 1930 helpline, the Citizen Financial Cyber Fraud Reporting and Management System, the Cyber Fraud Mitigation Centre, the Suspect Regis

Nabanita Boro, Advocate, Judicial Magistrate First Class Court, Boko ABSTRACT Human society is constantly evolving. It has undergone various transformation from traditional to a modern technology driven society. In the context of the criminal justice system, the advancement of modernisation has brought significant changes in the justice delivery system. This modernisation has revolutionised societal structure, making a shift towards the use of technology or digital methods, m

Shereen MI, JSS Law College, Mysuru Priya A Jagadish, JSS Law College, Mysuru ABSTRACT The rapid expansion of digital lending in India has transformed credit delivery by enabling quick, convenient, and technology-driven access to finance through digital lending applications, fintech platforms, and online service providers. While this growth has improved financial inclusion and expanded access to formal credit, it has also raised significant consumer protection concerns, inclu

Pranjal Panwar, Alliance University, Bangalore ABSTRACT Originality is one of the most important requirements for obtaining copyright protection. Only works that are original are protected under copyright law. However, the Indian Copyright Act, 1957 does not clearly define what originality means. Because of this, Indian courts have played an important role in explaining and developing the concept of originality through their decisions. This research paper studies how Indian c

Deepikka R S, Junior Research Fellow, Research Scholar, School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai. ABSTRACT The rapid digitisation of healthcare delivery in India, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic and institutionalised through the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, has created a regulatory vacuum at the intersection of three traditionally distinct disciplines, namely law, technology and medicine. As Telemedicine and e-health have trans

Subhankar Das, Advocate, Orissa High Court INTRODUCTION In the era of modernization, recourse to arbitration has become the most sought after exercises undertaken for the purpose of resolution of a multitude of disputes arising out of commercial transactions that involve complex questions of financial and legal implications. Since the inception of the Arbitration Act, 1940, to the reforms/amendments made in view of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, further amended i

Dr. Shambhu Singh Rathaur, Principal,Sir Pratap Vidhi Mahavidyalaya, Jodhpur, Rajasthan ABSTRACT Electronic evidence, digital investigations, and virtual hearings were not included in any of the three colonial-era laws that governed India's criminal justice system until July 1, 2024. With the passage of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 ("BNS"), the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 ("BNSS"), and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 ("BSA"), technology now has a clear

Vishnu Dubey, Civil Judge Junior Division, Madhya Pradesh ABSTRACT The dishonour of a cheque under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 occupies a singular position in Indian jurisprudence straddling the boundary between civil remedy and criminal sanction. This article traces the historical trajectory of cheque-bounce law from its pre-1988 civil-only avatar, through the transformative insertion of Chapter XVII by the Banking, Public Financial Institutions and N

Yafrin Ramana, Advocate (Punjab and Haryana High Court), Punjab, India ABSTRACT Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a transformative technology that permeates our lives in numerous ways, performing tasks that, until recently, could only be performed by a human with specialised knowledge, training, or a government-issued license. AI is now widely used across sectors such as healthcare, finance, education, transportation, manufacturing, and public administration and is an unavoidab

Swati Sagarika Das, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), School of Law, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha ABSTRACT Female criminality has historically been relegated to the margins of criminological inquiry, treated either as an anomaly to be explained away through biological determinism or as a mere footnote to male-centric theories of offending. This paper challenges such reductive approaches by arguing that a comprehensive understanding of female criminality require

Aditya Sarkar, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Bennett University, School of Law ABSTRACT One of the most controversial institutional arrangements in the modern constitutional law has been the Indian collegium system. An extraordinary shift of power of appointment out of the executive into the judiciary, it was not established by explicit constitutional text but through the judicial interpretation. Although its advocates explain it as a required process of maintaining judicial independen

Aditya Sarkar, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Bennett University, School of Law CITATION: AIR 1981 SC 1426; (1981) 2 SCC 766 BENCH: Justice A.P. Sen and Justice D.A. Desai JUDGEMENT: 19 May 1981 INTRODUCTION In the year 1981, the Supreme Court of India gave a milestone judgement in the field of banking and commercial law in the case of United Commercial Bank v. Bank of India (1981) where it specifically addressed the issue of legal independence of bank guarantees and letters of credit.

Dr. Kiran Sharma & Sanjay Achhra ABSTRACT Criminal prosecution under the Income-tax Act, 1961 (now Income-tax Act, 2025) represents the strongest enforcement remedy available to the Indian revenue administration. Unlike assessment, interest and penalty, prosecution engages the coercive machinery of criminal law and exposes taxpayers, directors and other responsible persons to imprisonment, fine and serious reputational threat. This paper critically examines the statutory desi

Mudit Verma, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) Symbiosis Law School Nagpur ABSTRACT Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act, 2026 is a landmark in the Indian bankruptcy law since its inception in 2016. The meticulous process of enacting the Amendment Act through a Parliamentary Select Committee completely restructures the working of the insolvency framework in India. This article methodically compares and contrasts the amendments to the provisions of the old Act to bring clarity to t

Ms. Namika Dubey School of Legal Studies, LNCT, University, Bhopal Dr. Yogini Upadhyay, Assistant Professor School of Legal Studies, LNCT, University, Bhopal ABSTRACT The principles of legal presumption in favour of women form a cornerstone of modern rights-based jurisprudence, designed to correct historical imbalances and structural violence. This paper critically examines these statutory presumptions prevalent in criminal, matrimonial, and socio- economic legislation throug

Ishan Mishra & Yashveer Singh, United University, Prayagraj ABSTRACT The current debates surrounding abortion laws in India bring forth significant issues pertaining to the intersection between autonomy and regulation under the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 ("MTP Act"). Even though the MTP Act does prescribe the conditions upon which abortion is permissible, there continue to be systemic constraints on accessing healthcare, specifically for women. The increased f

Avni Chaudhary, Amity Law School, Amity University ABSTRACT Free speech is the lifeblood of a democracy, yet no constitutional guarantee is unconditional. This paper examines the interplay between Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India, which guarantees the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression, and Article 19(2), which permits the State to impose reasonable restrictions on eight specified grounds. This paper looks at the development of free speech juri

Bandana Devi Thokchom, Ph.D. Research Scholar, Manipur International University Prof. S. James, Dean, Department of Law, Manipur International University ABSTRACT The digital revolution has profoundly reshaped the architecture of governance, commerce, and human interaction, creating unprecedented opportunities for connectivity while simultaneously intensifying the tension between privacy and surveillance. In India, the constitutional foundation of privacy is firmly anchored i

Ujjawal Singh, ICFAI University, Dehradun Aparna Shri, ICFAI University, Dehradun ABSTRACT The relation in between the Indian Parliament and the judiciary during the early years after the Indian Constitution came into effect. Both of the nation's most important pillars were fighting over supremacy: the Indian Parliament had unlimited power to amend the Constitution, while the judiciary took the stand that the Constitution is the supreme law and the nation has to follow it. Pa

Mandip Kaur, LL.B, LL.M.,Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly (U.P.) India. ABSTRACT India’s reservation policy, rooted in Articles 15 and 16 of the Constitution and expanded by the Constitution (One Hundred and Third Amendment) Act, 2019, seeks to promote substantive equality by providing quotas for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes and Economically Weaker Sections. While the policy has advanced social justice for historically margin